Global Augmentation of the String Interface in TypeScript

Global augmentation in TypeScript allows you to add methods or properties to existing interfaces or types across your entire project. This is particularly useful for extending built-in types like String or Array with custom functionality without modifying the core TypeScript definitions. This challenge focuses on implementing a global augmentation to the String interface to add a new method called reverseWords.

Problem Description

You are tasked with creating a global augmentation for the String interface in TypeScript. This augmentation should add a new method called reverseWords to all string instances. The reverseWords method should take no arguments and return a new string with the order of words reversed. A "word" is defined as a sequence of characters separated by one or more spaces.

What needs to be achieved:

• Define a global augmentation for the String interface.
• Add a reverseWords method to the augmented String interface.
• Implement the reverseWords method to reverse the order of words in a string.

Key requirements:

• The augmentation must be global, affecting all string instances.
• The reverseWords method must handle multiple spaces between words correctly.
• The reverseWords method must return a new string; it should not modify the original string.
• The reverseWords method should handle empty strings and strings with only spaces gracefully.

Expected behavior:

When a string instance calls reverseWords(), the method should return a new string with the words in reverse order.

Edge cases to consider:

• Empty string: "" should return "".
• String with only spaces: " " should return " ".
• String with leading/trailing spaces: " hello world " should return " world hello ".
• String with multiple spaces between words: "hello world" should return "world hello".

Examples

Example 1:

Input: "hello world"
Output: "world hello"
Explanation: The words "hello" and "world" are reversed in order.

Example 2:

Input: "  hello   world  "
Output: "  world   hello  "
Explanation: Leading, trailing, and multiple spaces are preserved.

Example 3:

Input: ""
Output: ""
Explanation: An empty string remains empty.

Example 4:

Input: "   "
Output: "   "
Explanation: A string containing only spaces remains unchanged.

Constraints

• The solution must be written in TypeScript.
• The augmentation must be truly global, affecting all string instances within the project.
• The reverseWords method should have a time complexity of O(n), where n is the length of the string. While a more complex algorithm could be used, a simple split/reverse/join approach is acceptable.
• The solution should not rely on external libraries.

Notes

Consider using the interface keyword to augment the String interface. Think about how to split the string into words, reverse the order of the words, and then join them back together. Remember to handle edge cases carefully to ensure the method behaves as expected in all scenarios. The key is to declare the augmentation in a way that it's accessible throughout your project.